MID TERM
Instructional media encompasses all the materials and physical means an instructor might use to implement instruction and facilitatestudents' achievement of instructional objectives. This may include traditional materials such as chalkboards, handouts, charts, slides, overheads, real objects, and videotape or film, as well newer materials and methods such as computers, DVDs, CD-ROMs, the Internet, and interactive video conferencing
2.The roles of Media in Instruction
Role of Media in the learning process according to Gerlac and Ely (1971: 285) stated that there are three keistemewaan owned media of teaching, namely:
1. The media has the ability to capture, store and display the back of an object or event,
2. Media has the ability to redisplay the objects or events in various ways tailored to the needs, and
3. Media has the ability to display something utuk object or event that implies.
In general, the benefits of learning media is to facilitate interaction between teachers and students so that learning activities more affective and efficient. More specifically there are several benefits of more detailed media. Kemp and Dyaton (1985) for example, to identify some of the benefits of media in learning, namely:
1. Submission of the subject matter can be made uniform
2. The learning process becomes more vivid and attractive
3. The process of learning becomes interactive
4. Efficiency in time and effort
5. Improving the quality of student learning outcomes
6. The media allow the process of learning can be done anywhere and anytime
7. The media can foster a positive attitude towards students and learning materials
8. Change the role of the teacher towards a more positive and productive
What are the benefits of using media in teaching and learning activities?
The benefits include:
1. The media used by teachers as descriptors of the description to a substance that is delivered.
2. Generating interest and student motivation.
3. Create a real (concrete) abstract concepts.
4. Help students to interact directly with their environment.
5. Provide a pleasant atmosphere for students to learn.
6. Potential uniformity perception study.
7. Presenting the message or information simultaneously learning for students.
8. Provide variation in learning.
9. Overcoming the limitations of space, time and the power of the senses.
10. Presenting the object - an object that is difficult to come into the learning environment.
11. Helping students so easy to understand and digest the material or learning materials delivered.
3. Kinds of Instructional Media
1. Media Audio
a. Radio
Those advantages:
- Able to focus and maintain concentration of attention.
- Prices are relatively cheap.
- Its easy to move.
- Can solve the problem of time when used together.
- Can develop children's imagination.
- Can stimulate active participation.
- Can be zeroed students.
The drawback:
- The nature of communication in one direction.
- Usually the centralized broadcasts so that the teacher can not control.
- Scheduling and broadcast lessons often cause problems.
b. Magnetic tape recording device
Those advantages:
- It has a dual function that is effective for recording featuring recordings and delete it.
- Tape recording can be played repeatedly.
- Recordings can be deleted automatically.
- Tape recording can be used according to the existing schedule.
- The program tapes provide efficiency in language learning.
The drawback:
- Coverage is limited.
- In terms of procurement cost when to target a lot more expensive.
c. Language laboratory
Those advantages:
- To train students listening and speaking in a foreign language by presenting the subject matter.
The drawback:
- Acquisition of language laboratories tend to eat a lot baiaya.
2. Media Projection
A. Film Frame
Those advantages:
- The same material can be distributed to all students simultaneously.
- Caution children can be focused on a specific object.
- Function think the audience stimulated and developed independently.
- The film frame is under the control of Master.
- Easy storage.
- Film frames can overcome the limitations of space.
- The film frame is relatively simple media.
The drawback:
- Because it is off, the frame of the film is more easily lost.
- Only able to present the objects are stationary.
- Requires a dark room.
B. Projection Transparency
Those advantages:
- The reflection of the projected image can be seen clearly in a bright room.
- Can reach a large group.
- Teachers are always able to meet with students as OHP can be placed in front of the class.
- Transparency can be easily made by the teacher either created manually or otherwise.
- Has the ability to display color.
- Can be stored and used repeatedly.
The drawback:
- OHP facilities should be available.
- Power on the room or location should be available.
- Without a screen that can be tilted difficult to overcome the impression that trapezoidal distortion.
- Must have a specific technique for setting the order both in terms of presentation and storage.
C. Projections Not Invisible
Those advantages:
- Can be directly projecting the message that is in books, newspapers, magazines, photographs, prints and even more.
The drawback:
- Must be used in a dark room.
3. Media Three Dimensional (3D).
Those advantages:
- Students seemed to see the real objects with 3D media.
- Potential ketertarika students to think and menyeledikinya.
- Learning will run more perfectly because students can learn directly using materials similar to the original and replica.
- Students can understand about the nature of the form and movement of an object it well.
- Give the experience of the actual situation according banda or the material.
- Promote the pupils make further studies on learning through the media.
- Provide more opportunities for students to interact among each other.
The drawback:
- Cost of manufacture is expensive and requires a lot of time.
- Requires skill in the making.
- Students will not understand if the 3D shape is not the same as reality.
- Collided tool for creating 3D media.
4. Human-Based Media
Those advantages:
- Assist students in linking new knowledge and prior knowledge.
- Helping students to form and internalize the representation of the problem or task.
- Helping students identify similarities between new problems and past experience which contains similar problems.
- Allowing students unhindered exploration.
The drawback:
- Making students more quickly bored.
- Not effective delivery if too much of the audience.
- Penyampain material will not be understood by students if the voice is not heard.
5. Media Visual
Those advantages:
- Improve the effectiveness of achieving the goal of teaching ..
- Allow the teaching process easier and faster.
- Streamlining understanding and strengthen memory.
- Can foster student interest and can provide the relationship between the contents of the subject matter in the real world.
The drawback:
- Requires observation extra careful.
- Messages or information that lengthy / complex requires to split into several visual material that is easy to read and easy to understand.
- There needs to be integration, which refers to the relationship between the visual elements so that when observed will function together.
6. Media Audio-Visual
Those advantages:
- Attract and motivate students to learn the material more to make the model to be emulated by the students.
- Setting up an interesting variation and changes in the rate of learning about a subject or something of a problem.
- The ability of the media is considered to be better and more interesting because the two elements of the media, namely audio and visual.
The drawback:
- Too emphasis on mastery of the material rather than the development process and keep looking at audio-visual material as a tool for teachers in the learning process.
7. Media Computers
Those advantages:
- As the role of supervision and relieve the burden on educators to various managerial responsibilities tanggug time consuming.
- Allows students to learn longer and can express a variety of special needs students.
- The computer can accommodate students who are slow to accept the lesson because it can provide a climate that is more effective in a more individualized never forget, never get bored very patient in performing as desired instruction programs used.
- Commuters can stimulate students to do exercises and conducting laboratory or simulation. this is because the availability of color animated graphics and music in the computer so it can add realism.
- Control is in the hands of students, so that students learn some vital lessons speed level can be adjusted to the level of mastery.
- Can connect and control other devices such as compact discs and video tapes, etc.
The drawback:
- While the price of computer hardware tends to decrease (cheap) but the development of the software is still relatively expensive.
- To use a computer required specialized knowledge and skills about computers.
- The diversity of models of computers (hardware) often cause programs (software) are available for one model does not fit with the other models.
8. Print
Those advantages:
- Students can learn and advance in accordance with the speed of each. The subject matter is designed such that it is able to meet the needs of students both rapid and slow to read and understand. But in the end all students are expected to master the subject matter.
- In addition to be able to repeat the material in print media students will follow a logical sequence of thoughts.
- The combination of text and images in the printed page can add to the appeal as well as to facilitate the understanding of the information presented in two verbal and visual format.
- Although the information content of the print media should be updated and revised in accordance with progress and new findings in the field of science that such material can be reproduced with economical and distributed easily.
The drawback:
- It is difficult to show motion in printed media pages.
- The cost of printing will be expensive if you want to display illustrations or photos colorful.
- The printing process media often take several days or even months depending on the complexity printing equipment and information on the printed page.
- If not treated properly fast print media is damaged or missing.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar